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Bulletproof hosting (sometimes known as ''bulk-friendly'' hosting) is a service provided by some domain hosting or web hosting firms that allows their customer considerable leniency in the kinds of material they may upload and distribute. This leniency has been taken advantage of by spammers〔("In China, $700 Puts a Spammer in Business: It's a great deal, if you're a spammer." ), ''CIO'', 2009-05-08.〕 and providers of online gambling or illegal pornography.〔(McColo referred to as "bulletproof hosting" ), Washington Post〕 Many service providers have Terms of Service that do not allow certain materials to be uploaded or distributed, or the service to be used in a particular way, and may suspend a hosting account, after a few complaints, to minimize the risk of their IP subnet being blocked by anti-spam filters using Internet Protocol (IP) based filtering. Additionally, some service providers may have ethical concerns that underpin their service terms and conditions. Often, a bulletproof host allows a content provider to bypass the laws or contractual terms of service regulating Internet content and service use in its own country of operation, as many of these 'bulletproof hosts' are based 'overseas' (relative to the geographical location of the content provider). Many if not most 'bulletproof hosts' are in China,〔 other parts of Asia, and Russia/Russia's surrounding countries, though this is not always the case.〔(REAL WORLD FAST-FLUX EXAMPLES ), The Honeynet Project〕 For example, McColo, responsible for 2/3rds of the world's spam when taken down, was US based. Some examples of ''bulletproof hosts'', with their takedown time: * Russian Business Network (or RBN), taken down in November 2007〔(Russian Business Network: Down, But Not Out )〕 * Atrivo/Intercage, taken down in September 2008〔(Scammer-Heavy U.S. ISP Grows More Isolated )〕 * McColo, taken down in November 2008〔(Major Source of Online Scams and Spams Knocked Offline, Nov 2008 )〕 * 3FN, taken down by FTC in June 2009〔(The Fallout from the 3FN Takedown, June 2009 )〕〔(ISP shuttered for hosting 'witches' brew' of spam, child porn, May 2010 )〕〔(Rogue ISP ordered to liquidate, pay FTC $1.08 million, May 2010 )〕 * Real Host, taken down in August 2009〔(Latvian ISP Real Host Disconnected From The Internet Due To Cybercrime Servers Hosting, August 2009 )〕 * Ural Industrial Company, taken down in Sep 2009〔(Some ZeuS statistics, Feb 2009 )〕 * Group Vertical, taken down in Oct 2009〔(Well known ZeuS hosting ISP "Group Vertical" offline, October 2009 )〕 * Riccom, taken down in December 2009〔(Hackers et malware : fermeture d'un FAI chypriote (in French, link in english to hpHosts), December 2009 )〕 * Troyak, taken down in March 2010〔(After takedown, botnet-linked ISP Troyak resurfaces, Computerworld, March 2010 )〕 * Proxiez, taken down in May 2010〔('Bulletproof' ISP for crimeware gangs knocked offline, May 2010 )〕〔(Russian ISP hosting Zbot C&C servers is taken down )〕 * Voze Networks, taken down in February 2011〔(Voze Networks 'Notice to Customers' )〕 * Santrex, closed in October 2013 after failing to pay its datacentre provider == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bulletproof hosting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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